Emergency Department Rapid Assessment and Treatment Model of Care

Early senior decision-making and initiation of clinical investigations for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) reduces delays and improves outcomes.

The ED Rapid Assessment and Treatment (RAT) model of care has been developed to reduce ED processing times and length of stay by:

  • Conducting early initial patient assessments.
  • commencing simple interventions.
  • defining clear care plans; and
  • determining potential disposition or pathway as early as practical in the patient journey.

The development of the RAT model was informed by extensive consultation with medical and nursing leads from South Australian metropolitan public hospitals EDs, as well as evidence from literature and local experience.

Principles supporting the RAT model include front-loaded senior assessment, early commencement and follow-up of diagnostic investigations, and early streaming of patients to ensure prompt treatment or referral to appropriate pathway. To enhance operational efficiency, the RAT model should operate with dedicated medical senior decision-makers for 8-10 hours per day, supported by a 24/7 nurse model.

The ED RAT model of care also recognises the importance of ongoing evaluation and adaptation to incorporate new evidence and best practice, ensuring that patient care remains timely, safe, effective, and patient-centred.

Further information

For further information regarding the ED RAT Model of Care, please contact: Health.HSPUnplannedCare@sa.gov.au