Human papillomavirus frequently asked questions :: SA Health

Human papillomavirus frequently asked questions

What is Human papillomavirus (HPV)?

HPV is a common virus that lives in the cells of our bodies and may cause disease. Four out of five people will have HPV at some stage of their life. Currently, there are over 100 types of HPV that affect different parts of the body. Some types of HPV cause warts but most HPV infection is invisible. The types of HPV that affect the genital area may show up on Pap smear results.

How can I get genital HPV?

Anyone who has ever had sex may have been in contact with genital HPV. Genital HPV infections are very common viral infections which usually clear up by themselves within one to two years.

In rare cases, if the virus persists and is left undetected, it can lead to cervical cancer. This usually takes about ten years.

Can I get tested for genital HPV?

Yes. A Pap smear every two years can detect any abnormal cell changes caused by genital HPV. This can then be monitored and/or treated to prevent cancer. Almost all abnormal Pap smear results are caused by genital HPV.

What is the link between HPV and cervical cancer?

In a small number of women, HPV stays in the cells of the cervix. If the infection is not cleared, there is an increased risk of cervical cancer. When cervical cancer develops, HPV is found in almost all cases.

Although HPV can cause cell changes that may lead to cervical cancer, this will usually take a long time – often more than ten years.

More information on the link between HPV and cervical cancer can be found at the National Cervical Screening Program website.

Is there a vaccine?

Yes. Vaccines are available that can prevent infection from the types of genital HPV which is responsible for causing most of cervical cancers.

A free HPV vaccine, popularly known as a cervical cancer vaccine, is currently provided through the SA School Immunisation Program in South Australia. Females aged between 12 and 13 years can receive the vaccine which is given as a series of three injections into the upper arm, within a six month period.

If you are not of school age and are interested in receiving the HPV vaccine, please contact your General Practitioner.

Does South Australia have a HPV immunisation program?

Yes. In South Australia, the Immunisation Section within the Communicable Disease Control Branch of SA Health is responsible for coordination and implementation of the HPV vaccination program. For information on this program please call 1300 CDCB SA (1300 232 272).

Additional information on the HPV immunisation program is available through:

What is the HPV Register and what does it do?

A National HPV Vaccination Program Register (HPV Register) collects information to evaluate the impact of the HPV Vaccination Program on cervical cancer rates. This Register issues reminders to women advising that:

  • their vaccine course is incomplete and additional vaccines will be required
  • their vaccine course is complete
  • a booster dose is required for those who have had the vaccine.

This register does not hold information regarding your sexual history. Personal details are kept confidential.

What happens if I am not on the HPV Register?

If your details are not included in the Register it will not be possible to contact you about missed or booster doses. . You can ask for your information to be removed at any time from the HPV register by contacting the National HPV Vaccination Program or calling 1800 478 734.